Vitalik Buterin stated that the future of Layer 2 development depends on simplicity and trust in Ethereum’s base layer. Instead of building complex new systems, developers should focus on minimal structures that leverage Ethereum’s security and decentralization.
Less is more for Layer 2s
Buterin argued that a proper Layer 2 should avoid its own consensus mechanisms and instead rely on Ethereum Layer 1 for data availability, settlement, and censorship resistance. He believes that only by limiting functionality and keeping protocols lean can L2s maintain high efficiency and resilience.
Celo shift seen as a model
Citing real-world cases, he pointed to Celo’s transition from a standalone Layer 1 to an Ethereum-based Layer 2. This move reportedly improved block finality, reduced token inflation, and integrated Celo more deeply with Ethereum’s developer ecosystem.
Engineering discipline over innovation hype
Vitalik warned that too much innovation at the L2 level often leads to attack surfaces, bugs, and unnecessary complexity. He stressed the importance of focusing on proof generation and sequencing, leaving core trust functions to Ethereum.
Impact on the ecosystem
As more teams adopt this philosophy, Ethereum could consolidate its position as the dominant Layer 1 for a modular blockchain future. The message is clear: build less, trust more, and let Ethereum do the heavy lifting.
